Tscheulin, D., Trouw, C. und Walter-Klose, C. (2000). Personzentrierte Klassifikation von Patienten: Eine Vierer-Gruppierung und ihre Zusammenhänge mit ICD-10 Kategorien und
Effektivitätsmaßen bei stationärer Psychotherapie. In G. Speierer (Hrsg.), Neuere Ergebnisse
aus der ambulanten und stationären Gesprächspsychotherapie (49-74). Köln: GwG-Verlag.
[ISBN 3-926842-28-8]
Abstract
This paper refers to studies which have used cluster analysis of patients' personality
inventory scores and which have found (a) a five cluster (e.g. Schulz, 1980, 1981), or a four
cluster solution (e.g. Tscheulin, 1992) for a person-centered classification of patients, (b)
certain correlations with diagnostic categories of mental disorders, and (c) differential
psychotherapeutic effectiveness. Since such groupings are important for indication and
evaluation of psychotherapeutic interventions, and since they should be comparable indicators,
the present study looked for a decision between a 4 or 5 cluster grouping. A 5 cluster
grouping, found and used in a former study with a sample of N=299 patients of a
psychosomatic clinic, was revised on the basis of a sample enlarged by N=1673 subjects of the
same clinic (total N=1972). Following Backhaus, Erichson, Plinke and Weiber (1994) some
methodological changes were made: All calculations were done, for example, not with raw-scores, but only with z-scores. In addition, two pre-analyses of the sample were carried out: an
explorative factor analysis and a cluster analysis of the factor scores arising from it. The pre-analyses, normally performed to exclude highly correlating variables, actually gave more insight
into the meaning of the clusters which were found.
On the basis of the statistical results, and especially given the content of the scales, the 4
cluster solution is chosen. First, the members of the four clusters are described by their test
profiles (of FPI-R and Gießen-Test), then the 4 cluster grouping is compared to the 5 cluster
grouping, and the differences of the groups are noted. It seems fair to keep the earlier terms of
the clusters as groups of test-normal, action-oriented, self-oriented and test-extreme patients
(excluding the group of the dysthymic patients who are too similar to the self-oriented ones).
Second, on the basis of a sample of N=1034 patients, the relationship of the four groups to the
categories of ICD-10 are shown. Finally, on the basis of N=977 patients of the same clinic, the
differential correlations with the pre-therapy psycho-diagnostic status and with the post-therapy outcome are shown with the help of the graphic pictures called 'figurations'.
Keywords: Classification of Patients, Person-Centered Inpatient Psychotherapy, ICD-10
Categories, Quality Control of Psychotherapeutic Interventions ("Qualitätssicherung").
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